Tax by country
Ireland — tax on crypto and investments
Revenue (Irish Tax and Customs). Tax year 1 January – 31 December. Last verified 28-10-2026.
| Country | Currency | Tax year | Authority | Last verified | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IE | EUR | 1 January – 31 December | Revenue (Irish Tax and Customs) | 28-10-2026 | approved by the owner (accountant), 28-10-2026 |
Related article: hq-fs.com/blog/crypto-tax-ireland
Not tax advice. Rules summarised from official sources, linked where each rule is stated, as verified on the date above. Confirm with a qualified adviser before filing.
At a glance#
Capital gains#
Rates by disposal date#
| Disposal date | Standard rate | Development land |
|---|---|---|
| 6 December 2012 – 6 October 2026 | 33% | 33% |
| On or after 7 October 2026 | 31% (Walkers, Arthur Cox, RSM) | 33% |
- The 31% rate was announced in Budget 2027 on 6 October 2026. Revenue's CGT page already applies it.
- It is legislated in the Finance (No. 2) Bill 2026, published 19 October 2026. The bill was not yet enacted on 23 October 2026.
- Where a contract straddles the change, the disposal date is generally the date of the unconditional contract, not completion.
Computation#
| Step | Rule |
|---|---|
| 1. Gain per disposal | Proceeds less cost (or market value at acquisition). Computed disposal by disposal |
| 2. Costs | Transaction fees and broker charges are allowable. Revenue examples ignore them |
| 3. Losses | Deduct same-year losses, then losses brought forward |
| 4. Exemption | Deduct EUR 1,270, capped at the net gain |
| 5. Tax | Net chargeable gain × rate |
Worked example from Revenue: proceeds 15,000, cost 4,500, losses forward 2,500, exemption 1,270, taxable 6,730.
Payment periods#
| Disposals in | Pay by (2025 disposals) | Pay by (2026 disposals) | Payslip |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 January – 30 November (initial period) | 15 December 2025 | 15 December 2026 | A |
| 1 – 31 December (later period) | 31 January 2026 | 31 January 2027 | B |
- Late payment attracts interest. A late return attracts a penalty.
- A return is required even when no tax is due because of reliefs or losses.
Losses#
Funds and ETFs (gross roll-up regime)#
| Item | Rule |
|---|---|
| Rate, individual, not a PPIU | 41% (1 January 2015 – 31 December 2025), 38% (from 1 January 2026), 35% (from 1 January 2027, announced, in the bill) |
| Rate, Personal Portfolio Investment Undertaking | 60% |
| Deemed disposal | Every 8 years (s.747E(6)). Tax paid on a deemed disposal is credited against the actual disposal |
| USC and PRSI | Do not apply to fund income or gains under Chapter 4 Part 27 |
| Losses | No relief (s.747E(3)) |
| Form 11 | "Offshore Funds (Part 27 Ch 4)" panel |
| 8-year rule reform | Retained. Under review in the retail investment roadmap |
Income#
Revenue's crypto manual does not address staking, mining income or airdrops for income tax. It covers only:
| Situation | Treatment |
|---|---|
| Trade of dealing in crypto | Income tax under normal trading rules. Use Revenue's trading-in-shares guidance (TDM 02-02-06) to decide |
| Salary paid in crypto | PAYE on the euro value at payment (or employer's cost, if higher) |
| Crypto given by employer free or cheap | Benefit-in-kind rules |
| PAYE-only individual trading crypto | May become a chargeable person and must file a return |
Income tax, single person#
| Year | 20% band | 40% on |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | First EUR 44,000 | Balance |
| 2026 | First EUR 44,000 | Balance |
| 2027 (announced) | First EUR 46,500 | Balance |
USC#
| Band | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| 0.5% | First EUR 12,012 | First EUR 12,012 |
| 2% | Next EUR 15,370 | Next EUR 16,688 |
| 3% | Next EUR 42,662 | Next EUR 41,344 |
| 8% | Balance | Balance |
- Total income up to EUR 13,000 (2026): no USC. Above it, USC applies to the full income.
- 2027 (announced): 2% band ceiling rises by EUR 1,600 to EUR 30,300.
Cost basis and record keeping#
| Rule | Detail |
|---|---|
| FIFO | Shares of the same class: oldest acquired is treated as sold first (s.580(1)) |
| Fungible assets | s.580(4) applies the rules (except s.580(2)) to assets dealt in without identifying particular items |
| Crypto | Revenue's crypto manual states no identification method |
| Four-week rule, identification | Shares sold within 4 weeks of purchase are matched to shares bought in those 4 weeks, before FIFO (s.581(1)–(2)) |
| Four-week rule, losses | Re-buy within 4 weeks after a loss sale: loss only offsets gains on the re-bought shares (s.581(3)) |
| Four-week rule, scope | Shares and securities of the same class. Applies across spouses / civil partners living together |
| Four-week rule for crypto | Not stated by Revenue |
| Valuation | No single exchange rate. Make a reasonable effort to use an appropriate valuation |
| Records | Same rules as all tax records. Wallet records must be produced on request |
| Retention | 6 years |
Indirect taxes#
| Transaction | VAT |
|---|---|
| Exchange of crypto for fiat (dealer acting as principal) | Exempt, para 6(1)(d) Sch. 1 VATCA 2010 |
| Goods or services sold for crypto | Normal VAT on the euro value at supply |
| Mining | Outside the scope of VAT |
| Registration thresholds (from 1 January 2025) | Goods EUR 85,000. Services EUR 42,500 (Budget 2025 summary) |
No transaction or withholding tax on crypto disposals for individuals was found.
Reporting and deadlines#
| Obligation | Deadline |
|---|---|
| CGT payment, initial period | 15 December, same year |
| CGT payment, later period | 31 January, following year |
| CGT / income tax return | 31 October, following year |
| 2025 Form 11 via ROS (file and pay on ROS) | 18 November 2026 |
| Form choice | Form 11 (non-PAYE, ROS). Form 12 paper for PAYE (eForm 12 cannot report CGT). CG1 paper |
| Offshore fund disposals and deemed disposals | Form 11, Offshore Funds panel |
DAC8 / CARF (platform reporting)#
| Item | Rule |
|---|---|
| Who reports | Reporting crypto-asset service providers (RCASPs), including MiCAR-registered CASPs |
| Applies from | 1 January 2026 |
| Return to Revenue | By 31 May each year, for the previous calendar year. First return: 31 May 2027 for 2026 |
| Copy to user | RCASP must give each reportable user a copy of their data |
| User duty | Give a valid self-certification (residence, TIN). Conflicting KYC data makes it invalid |
| Penalties (RCASP) | EUR 19,045 for no or incorrect return, plus EUR 2,535 per day outstanding |
| Legislation | s.891HA TCA 1997 (s.92 Finance Act 2025), s.891M TCA 1997 (S.I. No. 584 of 2025), Directive (EU) 2023/2226 |
| Platform retention | 6 years |
Recent and upcoming changes#
| Date | Change | Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1 January 2025 | VAT thresholds raised to EUR 85,000 (goods) / EUR 42,500 (services) | In force |
| 1 January 2026 | Fund and life-assurance exit tax 41% → 38% (Finance Act 2025) (TDM 27-04-01) | In force |
| 1 January 2026 | DAC8 / CARF platform reporting starts | In force |
| 2026 | USC 2% band widened to EUR 16,688 | In force |
| 7 October 2026 | CGT standard rate 33% → 31%. Development land stays 33% | Applied by Revenue. Finance (No. 2) Bill 2026 not yet enacted |
| 1 January 2027 | Fund and life-assurance exit tax 38% → 35% | Announced, in Finance (No. 2) Bill 2026 |
| 2027 | Standard rate band EUR 46,500 (single). USC 2% band ceiling EUR 30,300 | Announced |
| 1 July 2027 | New investment account: EUR 12,000 a year, 1% annual tax above EUR 50,000, outside CGT, exit tax and deemed disposal | Announced. Start date by ministerial order |
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